Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2025, vol. 27, pp. 37-52

Razia Sulthana¹, H C Basavaraju², Syed Noeman Taqui², H N Deepakumari³, Rayees Afzal Mir⁴,
Akheel Ahmed Syed⁴ Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Khalid Ansari⁵ Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript., Shareefraza J. Ukkund⁶, Majed Alsubih⁷, Saiful Islam⁷

	1. University of Mysore, India 2. Bharathi College – Post Graduate and Research Centre, India 3. Regional Institute of Education, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 4. Glocal University, India 5. Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, India 6. P. A. College of Engineering, India 7. King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
	Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript. Ten adres pocztowy jest chroniony przed spamowaniem. Aby go zobaczyć, konieczne jest włączenie w przeglądarce obsługi JavaScript.
	https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

The possibility of using nutraceutical fennel seed spent (NIFSS) as an affordable biosorbent to extract brilliant green (BG) from aqueous solutions. Various factors were examined to assess their impact on the adsorption route. Several isotherm models were recycled to assess experimental equilibrium data. The Brouers–Sotolongo isotherm model demonstrated a maximum adsorption ability. The pseudo-second order model provided an exceptional fit. The adsorption practice was both spontaneous and endothermic. Potential interactions occurring in the BG-NIFSS system were discussed. Overall, this investigation highlights NIFSS as an effective and reasonably priced biosorbent for removing dangerous BG from water-based systems.

nutraceutical industrial fennel seed spent, brilliant green, kinetics, modelling, thermodynamics

AMA Style
Sulthana R, Basavaraju H, Taqui S, Deepakumari H, Afzal Mir R, Syed A, Ansari K, Ukkund S, Alsubih M, Islam S. Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 2025; 27. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

ACM Style
Sulthana, R., Basavaraju, H., Taqui, S., Deepakumari, H., Afzal Mir, R., Syed, A., Ansari K., Ukkund, S., Alsubih, M., Islam, S. 2025. Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

ACS Style
Sulthana, R.; Basavaraju, H.; Taqui, S.; Deepakumari, H.; Afzal Mir, R.; Syed, A.; Ansari, K; Ukkund, S.; Alsubih, M.; Islam, S. Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2025, 27, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

APA Style
Sulthana, R., Basavaraju, H., Taqui, S., Deepakumari, H., Afzal Mir, R., Syed, A., Ansari, K., Ukkund, S., Alsubih, M., Islam, S. (2025). Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 27, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

ABNT Style
SULTHANA, R.; BASAVARAJU, H.; TAQUI, S.; DEEPAKUMARI, H.; AFZAL MIR, R.; SYED, A.; ANSARI, K.; UKKUND, S.; ALSUBIH, M.; ISLAM, S. Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, v. 27, p. 37-52, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

Chicago Style
Sulthana, Razia, Basavaraju, H_C, Taqui, Syed_Noeman, Deepakumari, H_N, Afzal Mir, Rayees, Syed, Ansari, Khalid, Akheel_Ahmed, Ukkund, Shareefraza_J., Alsubih, Majed, Alsareji, Islam_Saiful, 2025. "Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System". Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 27, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

Harvard Style
Sulthana, R., Basavaraju, H., Taqui, S., Deepakumari, H., Afzal Mir, R., Syed, A., Ansari, K., Ukkund, S., Alsubih, M., Islam, S. (2025) "Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System", Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 27, pp. 37-52. doi:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005

IEEE Style
R. Sulthana, H. Basavaraju, S. Taqui, H. Deepakumari, R. Afzal Mir, A. Syed, S. Ansari, K. Ukkund, M. Alsubih, S. Islam, "Utilizing Industrial Fennel Seed Waste and Brilliant Green from Nutraceuticals for a Sustainable Wastewater Dye Adsorption System", RoczOchrSrod, vol 27, pp. 37-52. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2025.005