Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2026, vol. 28, pp. 505-515

Miloš Poliak¹ This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Ondrej Stopka² This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Lenka Iľašová¹ 

	1. University of Žilina, Slovak Republic 2. Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
	This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
	https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

International road freight transport depends strongly on the availability and retention of professional drivers, whose total remuneration is affected not only by wages but also by travel allowances. In Slovakia, meal allowances for foreign business trips are set by fixed rates, while accommodation reimbursement is linked mainly to documented costs. This fact creates uncertainty when international road freight drivers spend their rest periods abroad without providing proof of accommodation. This paper designs and evaluates a flat-rate accommodation allowance model for Slovak international road freight transport. The research applies an analytical, model-based approach to compare Slovak with Polish, German, French, Spanish, and Italian scenarios, using a one-week model route from Prague to Athens and back. The results show that accommodation-related compensation differs considerably between the compared systems. The designed model offers a transparent, administratively simple, and sustainability-oriented mechanism for compensating accommodation-related costs without replacing documented reimbursement for accommodation. The proposed model is also interpreted within the broader framework of sustainable development, linking economic efficiency, social stability of driver remuneration, and indirect environmental relevance in international road freight transport.

road freight transport, international business trip, model-based approach, driver remuneration, sustainable development

AMA Style
Poliak M., Stopka O., Iľašová L. Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 2026; 28. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

ACM Style
Poliak M., Stopka O., Iľašová L. 2026. Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 28. DOI:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

ACS Style
Poliak M., Stopka O., Iľašová L., Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2026, 28, 505-515. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

APA Style
Poliak M., Stopka O., Iľašová L. (2026). Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 28, 505-515. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

ABNT Style
POLIAK M., STOPKA O., IĽAŠOVÁ L. Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, v. 28, p. 505-515, 2026. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

Chicago Style
Miloš Poliak, Ondrej Stopka, and Lenka Iľašová. 2026. "Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport". Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 28, 505-515. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

Harvard Style
Poliak M., Stopka O., Iľašová L. (2026) "Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport", Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 28, pp. 505-515. doi:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034

IEEE Style
M. Poliak, O. Stopka, and L. Iľašová, "Model-based Approach Design in Terms of Travel Allowances and Driver Remuneration in International Road Freight Transport", RoczOchrSrod, vol. 28, pp. 505-515. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.034