Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2024, vol. 26, pp. 322-334

Zeba Ali Mumtaj¹ , Abdul Rahman Khan¹, Majed Alsubih² , Saimah Khan¹ This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

	1. Integral University, India 2. King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
	This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
	https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

The removal efficiency of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater treatment can be significantly influenced by seasonal variations and the presence of vegetation. This study evaluates the removal efficiencies of five pharmaceutical compounds – Cefadroxil (CFL), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Cefpodoxime (CFD), Atenolol (ATN) and Avil-25 (AVL) – in non-planted (CW2) and planted (CW1) constructed wetlands across various parameters including Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Alkalinity, Nitrate, and Phosphate during winter and summer seasons. Results indicate that CW1 consistently outperforms CW2 in all parameters and seasons. For example, CW1 achieved 54.28% BOD removal for CFL in winter compared to CW2's 39.67%, with summer values reaching 79.6% and 69.7%, respectively. The superior performance of CW1 was also observed for COD and other parameters, with phosphate removal reaching 94% in summer. The results of HPLC analysis indicated that CW1 showed better removal efficiencies of Cefadroxil (56.94%), Ciprofloxacin (90%), and Avil-25 (99.7%) than CW2. Even though Cefpodoxime showed low removal efficiency in both systems, CW1 still performed slightly better (13.99% vs. 0.7%). Atenolol removal was particularly notable in CW1 (93.79%), significantly outperforming CW2. Hazard quotient assessments revealed lower risks associated with pharmaceutical residues in CW1. For example, Ciprofloxacin's hazard quotient was reduced from 16% in CW2 to 10% in CW1, underscoring the effectiveness of vegetation in mitigating environmental risks. Atenolol showed a significant hazard quotient reduction from 2% in CW2 to less than 0.5% in CW1, while Avil-25's hazard quotient was negligible in CW1 compared to 4% in CW2. It was also concluded that vegetation positively influenced the treatment efficacy of constructed wetlands for pharmaceuticals with reduced eco-toxicity and the associated risks.

horizontal flow constructed wetland, hazard quotient, removal efficiency, Ciprofloxacin, Cefadoxil, Cefpodoxime, Atenolol and Avil-25

AMA Style
Mumtaj Z, Khan A, Alsubih M, Khan S. Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 2024; 26. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

ACM Style
Mumtaj, Z., Khan, A., Alsubih, M., Khan, S. 2024. Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

ACS Style
Mumtaj, Z.; Khan, A.; Alsubih, M.; Khan, S. Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2024, 26, 322-334. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

APA Style
Mumtaj, Z., Khan, A., Alsubih, M., Khan, S. (2024). Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 26, 322-334. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

ABNT Style
MUMTAJ, Z.; KHAN, A.; ALSUBIH, M.; KHAN, S. Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, v. 26, p. 322-334, 2024. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

Chicago Style
Mumtaj, Zeba_Ali, Khan, Abdul_Rahman, Alsubih, Majed, Khan, Saimah. 2024. "Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater". Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 26, 322-334. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

Harvard Style
Mumtaj, Z., Khan, A., Alsubih, M., Khan, S. (2024) "Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater", Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 26, pp. 322-334. doi:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032

IEEE Style
Z. Mumtaj, A. Khan, M. Alsubih, S. Khan, "Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Synthetic Wastewater", RoczOchrSrod, vol 26, pp. 322-334. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.032