Konrad Podawca, Gabriela Rutkowska
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Warszawa
Streszczenie
The issue of linkages between land use and air emission types has been bring up in this paper. Based on the example of Warsaw districts, the average distribution of the line point and surface emission in relation to land use has been illustrated. Based, on the literature review related to aspects of urban ecology, physiographic of the city and air emission, the graphical layout of natural – ecological functioning of the city has been created. Analyzing data and trends in Warsaw should be noted that: in 14 districts, the dominant type of emission is the line emission, of which 4 cases represent more than 50% (Śródmieście, Ochota, Mokotów, Żoliborz), 8 cases are between 40–50% (Praga Południe, Praga Północ, Wola, Bielany, Włochy, Bemowo, Ursynów, Wilanów); taking to account the communication plans developed in the study of conditions and directions of spatial development, it can be assumed, that the share of line emission compared to the point and the surface ones will be increased; development of bypass system, can relieve some roads of central districts, thereby reducing somewhat the share of linear emission, while in districts forming the suburban zone because of implementing major roads and expressways, the linear emission can significantly increase in comparison to the other two emissions; impact of traffic pollution on concentrations in the immediate vicinity of the streets with very heavy traffic, is significant, and is an important problem in Warsaw; in 4 districts (Wesoła, Ursus, Rembertów, Wawer) the highest percentage is a surface emission because they are borders districts, in which the dominant form of housing is single-family houses with individual heating systems; as a result of technological progress and increasing the use of renewable energy sources, it can be assumed, that surface emissions will be systematically decreasing; in recent years, the organized point emissions due to ecological investment has been reduced, which significantly reduced its negative impact on the environment and in all districts this type of emission has the smallest percentage value. When making decisions about spatial management, one has to remember, that they will have an impact on the emission of air pollutants. Therefore, setting roads of higher rank, it is necessary to mind, to trace them, at a distance from residential areas and in an area with good ventilation. Locating point emitters, it should be taken into account (for example) a predominant wind directions and the location of the green areas, which can act as a barrier in relation to residential areas. Aspects of the possible impact of pollution on the development of spatial planning should primarily be in the ecophysiographic studies for local spatial management plans and the environmental impact assessment prognosis for project to the local community spatial management plan.
Słowa kluczowe
zanieczyszczenia powietrza; rozkład
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