Justyna Stefaniak
Politechnika Lubelska
Streszczenie
The growing demand for electricity and declining fossil fuel resources reduce the availability of energy for the future generations, which is a major threat in the context of sustainable development principle. Currently in Europe more than 50% of electricity comes from coal burning thermal plants. According to data from Europe’s Energy Portal such a rapid exploitation of this energy carrier may cause that it will not be available approximately after 2140. Because of this situation, the duty of the present generation is to improve efficiency of energy use and energy production and to enhance the contribution of alternative sources in general energy demand. This is compliant with the sustainable development principle. According to some researcher a huge potential is in field of cooling generation. About 95% of all installed cooling devices are traditional compressor chillers, which are powered by electricity. In this situation absorption chillers appear to be a good alternative. They are thermally activated appliance powered by heat. That’s create a great opportunity to use energy from renewable resources or waste heat from technological processes. Absorption chillers may cooperate with many heat sources. One of the possibility is the creation of solar cooling system powered by solar energy. In this kind of system absorption device use hot water from solar collectors to initiate refrigeration cycle. It is a very interesting solution, because the biggest cooling demand occurs at the same time as the highest solar radiation is available. Moreover, the sun is the biggest source of energy on the Earth. In terms of solar radiation intensity Poland has quite good conditions. The amount of light received every year is between 950–1250kWh/m2. And about 80% of this value accounts for the warm period of the year from April to September. Absorption chillers has much lower coefficient of performance (COP=0,6–1,2) comparing to compressors chillers (COP=3–5). But they consume much less electricity, which is one of the biggest advantages of this technology. In this paper evaluation and comparison of absorption and compressor chillers used for chilled water production for air conditioning purpose are presented. In case of solar absorption cooling, solar energy contribution to cover energy demand is more than 80%. Operation phase of absorption chiller appears to consume less electrical energy (12 596 kWh) than compressor chiller (20 671 kWh), thus the total GHG emission is associated with this unit and is 6 221 kg CO2e for absorption chiller and 10 209 kgCO2e for compressor chiller.
Słowa kluczowe
chłodziarka absorpcyjna; nowoczesna technologia
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