Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2026, vol. 28, pp. 817-825
Amina Essamett1 
, Halima Ibrahimi2 , Ilham Rhzali1 , Driss Hammoumi1 , Hefdhallah Alaizari1 , Mohammed Ennouali1 , Mohammed Ouhssine1
 |
1. Ibn Tofail University, Morocco 2. Higher Institutes of Nursing and Health Technology Professions, Morocco |
 |
|
 |
https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056 |
   |
|
 |
Surface water quality is a crucial determinant of environmental and public health, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as northwestern Morocco, where waterways like the Drader Valley support agriculture, ecosystems, and local communities. This study assessed seasonal variations in nitrate contamination and associated human health risks in surface water from three sampling sites (S1–S3) along the Drader River. Nitrate concentrations varied strongly by season, peaking during the dry season and exceeding permissible limits at S2 and S3. Health risk assessment using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) revealed values above the safety threshold (THQ > 1) at S2 and S3, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risks for local residents. Children were identified as the most vulnerable group, with higher THQ values than adults across all sites and seasons. These findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced water quality monitoring, stricter pollution control measures, and targeted protection of vulnerable populations. The results provide a scientific basis for sustainable water resource management in the Drader Valley and comparable arid and semi-arid regions.
 |
Oued Dradère, surface water quality, nitrate contamination, health risk assessment, seasonal variation, Morocco, Target Hazard Quotient (THQ)
 |
 |
AMA Style
Essamett A., Ibrahimi H., Rhzali I., Hammoumi D., Alaizari H., Ennouali M., Ouhssine M. A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 2026; 28:817-825. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
ACM Style
Essamett A., Ibrahimi H., Rhzali I., Hammoumi D., Alaizari H., Ennouali M., Ouhssine M. 2026. A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska. 28, 817-825. DOI:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
ACS Style
Essamett A.; Ibrahimi H.; Rhzali I.; Hammoumi D.; Alaizari H.; Ennouali M.; Ouhssine M. A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 2026, 28, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
APA Style
Essamett, A., Ibrahimi, H., Rhzali, I., Hammoumi, D., Alaizari, H., Ennouali, M., & Ouhssine, M. (2026). A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 28, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
ABNT Style
ESSAMETT A.; IBRAHIMI H.; RHZALI I.; HAMMOUMI D.; ALAIZARI H.; ENNOUALI M.; OUHSSINE M. A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, v. 28, p. 817-825, 2026. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
Chicago Style
Amina Essamett, Halima Ibrahimi, Ilham Rhzali, Driss Hammoumi, Hefdhallah Alaizari, Mohammed Ennouali, and Mohammed Ouhssine. 2026. "A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère". Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 28, 817-825. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
Harvard Style
Essamett A., Ibrahimi H., Rhzali I., Hammoumi D., Alaizari H., Ennouali M., Ouhssine M. (2026) "A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère", Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, 28, pp. 817-825. doi:https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056
IEEE Style
A. Essamett, H. Ibrahimi, I. Rhzali, D. Hammoumi, H. Alaizari, M. Ennouali, and M. Ouhssine, "A Seasonal Assessment of Surface Water Quality and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in Oued Dradère", RoczOchrSrod, vol. 28, pp. 817-825, 2026. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2026.056